GDF-15 D (GFH172-100)

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) family and is made by the placenta and cardiovascular tissues. GDF-15 regulates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways during cellular stress and injury. GDF-15 is emerging as a biomarker of early heart disease, such that increased levels of circulating GDF-15 are associated with an increased risk of developing heart failure.